Staying shark safe

History and science show us the risk of being attacked by a shark is incredibly low. Very few of New Zealand's shark species are dangerous to humans and chances of an encounter with one of these are slim.

However, when we interact with nature, there is always an element of risk.

NIWA shark expert Malcolm Francis says swimming near seal colonies is the only confirmed danger area. However, to minimise the risk, swimmers should:

- Avoid swimming near seal colonies and animal carcasses.

- Avoid swimming at dawn and dusk.

- Avoid surfing or swimming a long way out from the beach so you are not out of reach of help.

- Swim on patrolled beaches so help is nearby.

- If you are spear fishing, get the fish out of the water as soon as possible. If you are unable to do so, keep the fish away from your body.

- Spear fisherman should also avoid spearing in murky water.

Mr Francis said that, unfortunately, there wasn't much someone could do when they were in the water and saw a shark.

A shark was as likely to bump you as bite you and Mr Francis said if you were stuck in the water with one you should attempt to give them a whack on the gills or eyes which are sensitive areas.

"But if a shark is determined to bite you, there is not much you can do," he said.

Most shark attacks worldwide are a case of mistaken identity when the shark mistakes the person for a seal or a turtle.

Most fatalities are the result of people bleeding to death from a bite, rather than being attacked and eaten.

- © Fairfax NZ News